![]() ![]() Schongauer raised engraving from a minor craft to a major art form with compelling works like the Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons ( 20.5.2), in which deeply engraved lines create a vivid linear pattern against the white background. The earliest engravings were produced in Germany in the 1430s, but the first monumental engravings, rivaling painting in their ambition, were created in the 1470s-in Germany by Schongauer and in Italy by the Italian painter Andrea Mantegna. Two of the great early masters of the technique in the North, Martin Schongauer and Albrecht Dürer, had fathers who were goldsmiths, and in Italy the medium seems to have had its origins in the niello plaques-small engraved plates of silver or gold whose incisions were filled with a dark substance to shade the design-made by Florentine goldsmiths. ![]() ![]() The highly skilled craft of engraving, in which a wedge-shaped metal tool known as a burin is used to gouge clear, sharp furrows in a metal plate, appears to have been adapted from goldsmithing. ![]()
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